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''Agaricus deserticola'', commonly known as the gasteroid agaricus, is a species of fungus in the Agaricaceae family. Found only in southwestern and western North America, ''A. deserticola'' is adapted for growth in dry or semi-arid habitats. The fruit bodies are secotioid, meaning the spores are not forcibly discharged, and the cap does not fully expand. Unlike other ''Agaricus'' species, ''A. deserticola'' does not develop true gills, but rather a convoluted and networked system of spore-producing tissue called a gleba. When the partial veil breaks or pulls away from the stem or the cap splits radially, the blackish-brown gleba is exposed, which allows the spores to be dispersed. The fruit bodies can reach heights of tall with caps that are up to wide. The tough woody stems are wide, thickening towards the base. Fruit bodies grow singly or scattered on the ground in fields, grasslands, or arid ecosystems. Other mushrooms with which ''A. deserticola'' might be confused include the desert fungus species ''Podaxis pistillaris'' and ''Montagnea arenaria''. The edibility of ''Agaricus deserticola'' mushrooms is not known definitively. Formerly named ''Longula texensis'' (among several other synonyms), the fungus was transferred to the genus ''Agaricus'' in 2004 after molecular analysis showed it to be evolutionary related to species in that genus. In 2010, its specific epithet was changed to ''deserticola'' after it was discovered that the name ''Agaricus texensis'' was illegitimate, having been previously published for a different species. ==Taxonomic history== The species was first described scientifically as ''Secotium texense'' by Miles Joseph Berkeley and Moses Ashley Curtis in 1873, based on specimens sent to them from western Texas.〔 George Edward Massee transferred it to the genus ''Gyrophragmium'' in 1891, because of its resemblance to the species ''Gyrophragmium delilei'', and because he felt that the structure of the volva as well as the internal morphology of the gleba excluded it from ''Secotium''.〔 In 1916, William Murrill listed the species in ''Gymnopus'', but did not explain the reason for the generic transfer.〔 In a 1943 publication, Sanford Zeller compared a number of similar secotioid genera: ''Galeropsis'', ''Gyrophragmium'' and ''Montagnea''. He concluded that the species did not fit in the limits set for the genus ''Gyrophragmium'' and so created the new genus ''Longia'' with ''Longia texensis'' as the type species. The generic name was to honor William Henry Long, an American mycologist noted for his work in describing Gasteromycetes. Zeller also mentioned two additional synonyms:〔 ''Secotium decipiens'' (Peck, 1895),〔 and ''Podaxon strobilaceous'' (Copeland, 1904).〔 Two years later in 1945, Zeller pointed out that the use of the name ''Longia'' was untenable, as it had already been used for a genus of rusts described by Hans Sydow in 1921,〔''Longia'' as described by Sydow in 1921 is currently known as ''Haploravenelia''. 〕 so he proposed the name ''Longula'' and introduced the new combination ''Longula texensis'' in addition to ''L. texensis'' var. ''major''.〔 The species was known by this name for about 60 years, until a 2004 phylogenetic study revealed the taxon's close evolutionary relationship with ''Agaricus'',〔〔 a possibility insinuated by Curtis Gates Lloyd a century before.〔 This resulted in a new name in that genus, but it soon came to light that the name ''Agaricus texensis'' had already been used, ironically enough, by Berkeley and Curtis themselves in 1853,〔 for a taxon now treated as a synonym of ''Flammulina velutipes''.〔 Since this made the new ''Agaricus texensis'' an unusable homonym, Gabriel Moreno and colleagues published the new name ''Agaricus deserticola'' in 2010.〔 The mushroom is commonly known as the gasteroid Agaricus.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Agaricus deserticola」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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